解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The binding characteristics of the antiepileptic agent and teratogen valproic acid for human serum and human placenta were investigated utilizing equilibrium dialysis of the drugs in serum and in homogenates of whole placenta so that the transplacental transfer of the drug could be better defined. A low-capacity, high...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000158077.07836.9a
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in combination with either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TRL) on whole-blood lymphocyte function was assessed in vitro as well as in vivo. For the in vitro studies, rat whole blood was incubated with different concentrations of MPA together with CsA or TRL. In vivo, rats (n = ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000146874.11480.8a
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may contribute to the clinical outcome of HIV-infected patients. Because of the growing number of antiretroviral drugs and of drug combinations than can be administered to these patients, ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000152680.36517.5d
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of effective but highly toxic drugs that exhibit a narrow therapeutic index and marked interpatient pharmacokinetic variability. Individualized therapy with such drugs requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to obtain the desired clinical effects safely. Cost-effectiveness analysis in health care...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200502000-00004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis of pH-induced changes of drug binding may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved and the clinical relevance. A literature search was performed, and acceptance criteria set up, to select reported data for quantitative evaluation. The relationship between percentage of unbound drug, fu, a...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200502000-00014
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug discovery programs are actively exploring for therapeutic agents targeting enzymes and receptors regulating sphingolipid metabolism and biologic functions. FTY720 is a close structural analogue of sphingosine with immunomodulatory properties. After oral administration, FTY720 is phosphorylated by sphingosine kina...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200412000-00001
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of voriconazole has been developed. For comparison, serum voriconazole was measured using HPLC and bioassay. For the HPLC-MS/MS assay, samples were prepared in a deep-well block by adding 10 microL of serum to 40 mic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200412000-00011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady-state serum concentrations of quetiapine were recorded in 62 psychiatric patients under routine conditions. Doses were administered twice daily, and serum quetiapine levels were measured in the morning about 12 hours after the last dose. Eight patients were in monotherapy, whereas the rest received various addi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200410000-00005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of nicotine in human plasma. Samples (500 microL) with added deuterium-labeled d3-nicotine as an internal standard (IS) were treated with a 2-step process of ether extraction (6 ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200410000-00015
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to construct a population pharmacokinetic (PK) metabolism (MB) model to describe ciprofloxacin (C) concentrations in plasma and vitreous and aqueous humors in 26 patients. Ciprofloxacin was given as a 3-day oral prophylactic treatment to 26 patients before vitrectomy. Plasma, vitreous, an...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200408000-00010
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aims to determine the population pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporine (CsA) after multiple oral administration of the microemulsion formulation, Neoral, in kidney transplant patients and to propose a limited sampling strategy to predict AUC(0-4h) using them and the Bayesian method. The AUC(0-4h...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200406000-00012
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with drug-resistant HIV-1 may result from the acquisition of mutant strains or from their selection within the individual; either can compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Drug-resistance testing is recommended to assist in the choice of ART. Herein, factors that contribute to the selectio...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00005
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The practice of enhancing athletic performance through foreign substances was known from the earliest Olympic games. In 1967, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) established a Medical Commission responsible for developing a list of prohibited substances and methods. Drug tests were first introduced at the Olympi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00015
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of therapeutic drug monitoring strategies for cyclosporin (CsA) has evolved markedly in recent years since previous consensus guidelines were presented. Apart from the introduction of some new methods, the major change has been the shift away from the traditional predose/trough (C0) sample. The most popular al...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00025
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high incidence of psychiatric illness in the postpartum period and the increasing percentage of women who breastfeed has focused attention on the treatment of breastfeeding women with psychotropic medications and, additionally, the exposure of nursing infants to these medications. Consequently, there has been an i...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200402000-00011
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::PROTEASE INHIBITOR TDM: This study examines the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of protease inhibitors (PI) in adults and children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Pediatric patients were included because information in this population is limited. A high performance liquid chromato...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 更正并重新发布的文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200312000-00002
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors aimed to evaluate the utility of the history and clinical signs for predicting ingestion of poisons in children. A prospective cohort study was performed of all patients presenting with suspected poisoning to a pediatric emergency department over a 13-month period. Clinical data were collected on a preform...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200312000-00012
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and simultaneous determination of several analgesic antiinflammatory agents--ibuprofen, acetaminophen, indomethacin, and salicylic acid--in human serum was developed by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with diode-array ultraviolet detection. After precipitation of serum protein with acetonitr...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200310000-00006
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype and cigarette smoking on the steady-state plasma concentrations (C(ss)) of fluvoxamine (FLV) and its demethylated metabolite fluvoxamino acid (FLA) were studied in 49 Japanese depressed patients receiving FLV 200 mg/d. The C(ss) of FLV and FLA were measured by HPLC...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200308000-00008
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central venous access catheters are commonly used in clinical oncology. The double lumen variant is applied in pharmacokinetic studies for simultaneous administration and blood sampling when frequent blood collections are necessary. Occlusion of one lumen, a common complication, necessitates the investigator perform b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200306000-00002
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of topiramate (TPM) and its metabolites 10-hydroxy topiramate (10-OH-TPM), 9-hydroxy topiramate (9-OH-TPM), and 4,5-O-desisopropylidene topiramate (4,5-diol-TPM) in plasma and urine. The method uses 0.5 mL of ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200306000-00012
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::C(2) Cyclosporine (CsA) level, as a surrogate of area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) 0-4 hours, is a good predictor of drug absorption and clinical outcome after kidney transplantation. It has been difficult to define the optimal C(2) level in the individual case and given the broad range of C(2) due to inte...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200306000-00022
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the introduction of a cyclosporin monitoring strategy based on the use of a sample collected 2 hours after dosing (C2) rather than the predose sample (C0), there was concern that the differences in blood cyclosporin results from the various assay systems would result in assay-specific target ranges for C2 monitor...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/00007691-200304000-00005
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Digitalis-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS) obtained from maternal and umbilical cord plasma at delivery were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA; TDX, Abbott) and microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA; IMX, Abbott). In each sample, concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandroster...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200304000-00015
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a rapid, useful, specific, and very sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of fluvastatin (FV) level using atorvastatin as the internal standard (IS). After a simple deproteinization of 1.0 mL of plasma with acetonitrile, the drug and IS were extracted with t...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200302000-00013
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current standard of monitoring transplant patients by drug levels is not optimal because it does not take into account the different and individual effects of immunosuppressive drugs on each patient. In this study, the authors tested immune function assays for monitoring transplant patients. Blood was collected fr...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200302000-00003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors report preliminary findings on the potential contribution of CYP2C19 isoenzyme to the human metabolism of N-desmethylclobazam (N-CLB), the main active metabolite of clobazam (CLB), a benzodiazepine frequently used as add-on therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy. Two children on CLB treatment showing...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200212000-00009
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:Treating debilitated elderly patients through nasogastric tube (NGT) can change the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs, mainly those that are slow released (SR). The purpose of this study was to compare pharmacokinetic parameters between patients who receive SR theophylline orally and those who receive it...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200210000-00003
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fentanyl, sufentanil, and morphine are commonly used in the conduct of anesthesia. Medical staff working with these drugs are at high risk of addiction. To detect and prevent diversion, a method was developed to quantify these drugs in discard syringes using the BioRad REMEDi HS Drug Profiling System. For fentanyl, th...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200210000-00014
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of alternative strategies to the traditional pre-dose/trough (C0) blood sampling for cyclosporine (CsA) therapeutic drug monitoring has the potential to revolutionize analytical practices which have, in many centers, been established for some 20 years. While the C0 sample has previously been recommended, curre...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200208000-00003
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and specific direct-injection high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass-spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS-MS) method has been developed for the rapid identification and quantitation of seven tricyclic antidepressants-amitriptyline, nortriptyline, doxepin, dosulepi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200208000-00013
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenytoin is an effective anticonvulsant, but high serum phenytoin concentrations may be associated with serious toxicity. The upper limit for the therapeutic serum concentration of phenytoin is considered to be 80 micromol/L. However, in some situations higher serum concentrations are needed to control seizures. The ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00010
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palivizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody used to protect at-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The regular dosage scheme causes a low initial trough level and accumulation of the antibody after subsequent injections. Using a simple pharmacokinetic model, the authors devised an alt...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00020
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that chemical testing of biologic fluids is the most objective means of diagnosis of drug use. The presence of a drug analyte in a biologic specimen can be used to document exposure. The standard for drug testing in toxicology is an immunoassay screen conducted on a urine sample, followed by c...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200204000-00006
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major advances in immunosuppression and reductions in the rates of acute rejection have led to increasing graft and patient survival rates during the past two decades. Chronic dysfunction of the renal allograft, however, remains a major clinical problem and probably represents the end result of the complex interplay b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200202000-00007
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite its known teratogenic effects, thalidomide has been used to treat a variety of diseases ranging from alleviation of autoimmune disorders to prevention of metastasis of cancers. The exact method of action of thalidomide and its derivatives is still under investigation. Thalidomide undergoes very little metaboli...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200202000-00017
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging nation of South Africa, in common with some other countries, notably Eastern Europe, is heir to decades of neglect with regards to the exposure of the majority of its population to toxic materials. In this short review, the major toxic health hazards are described. For most of these risks there are now pr...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200202000-00027
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of medications are used in treating patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These medications are used to control viremia and to prevent and treat opportunistic infections. An individual is often required to take numerous drugs at the same time and thus clinicians are confronted with p...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200112000-00001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the antidepressant effect and pharmacokinetics of citalopram have been performed in adults, but the effects on children and adolescents have only been studied to a minor extent despite its increasing use in these age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate a group of adolescents treated for depress...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200112000-00011
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The remarkably strong formation of the mycophenolic acid molecular ion from mycophenolic acid glucuronide during electrospray atmospheric pressure ionization in patients' serum samples is described. It is concluded that because of this effect appropriate chromatographic separation prior to tandem-mass spectrometric an...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200112000-00021
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00